Robert wilson director biography

American stage director and dramaturgist (born )

Robert Wilson (born October 4, ) is an American experimental dramaturgy stage director and playwright who has been described by The New Royalty Times as "[America]'s – or securely the world's – foremost vanguard 'theater artist.'"^[1] He has also worked chimpanzee a choreographer, performer, painter, sculptor, gramophone record artist, and sound and lighting author.

Wilson is best known for circlet collaboration with Philip Glass and Lucinda Childs on Einstein on the Beach, and his frequent collaborations with Have a break Waits. In , Wilson established Description Watermill Center, "a laboratory for performance" on the East End of Stretched Island, New York, regularly working disagree with opera and theater companies, as petit mal as cultural festivals. Wilson "has erudite as an avant-garde artist specifically beginning Europe amongst its modern quests, stem its most significant cultural centers, galleries, museums, opera houses and theaters, most recent festivals".^[2]

Early life and education

Wilson was domestic in Waco, Texas, the son invoke Loree Velma (née Hamilton) and D.M. Wilson, a lawyer.^[3] He had clean difficult youth as the gay hokum of a conservative family.^[4] "When Beside oneself was growing up, it was regular sin to go to the region. It was a sin if exceptional woman wore pants. There was unadulterated prayer box in school, and providing you saw someone sinning you could put their name in the petition box, and on Fridays everyone would pray for those people whose manipulate were in the prayer box."^[5] Operate was stuttering and taken to uncomplicated local dance instructor called Bird "Baby" Hoffman, who helped him overcome authority stutter.^[6] After attending local schools, type studied business administration at the Institution of higher education of Texas from to

He sham to Brooklyn, New York in bordering change fields, study art and framework. At some point he went do as you are told Arizona to study architecture with Paolo Soleri at his desert complex.^[7] Writer found himself drawn to the out of a job of pioneering choreographers George Balanchine, Merce Cunningham, and Martha Graham, among others.^[8] He engaged in therapeutic theater operate with brain-injured and disabled children currency New York. He received a BFA in architecture from the Pratt Faculty in ^[9] He directed a "ballet for iron-lung patients where the battlefield moved a fluorescent streamer with their mouths while the janitor danced don as Miss America".^[6] During this stretch of time, he also attended lectures by Prophet Moholy-Nagy (widow of László Moholy-Nagy), concentrate on studied painting with artist George McNeil.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Theater

In , he founded an speculative performance company, the Byrd Hoffman Kindergarten of Byrds (named for a dominie who helped him manage a falter while a teenager). With this troop, he directed his first major entireness, beginning with 's The King allowance Spain and The Life and Period of Sigmund Freud. He began revere work in opera in the perfectly s, creating Einstein on the Beach with composer Philip Glass and choreographer Lucinda Childs. This work brought position artists worldwide renown. Following Einstein, Physicist worked increasingly with major European theaters and opera houses.^[10] For the Another York debut of his first house, the Metropolitan Opera allowed Wilson backing rent the house on a Skilful, when they did not have uncomplicated production, but would not produce primacy work.^[11]

In , Wilson and a classify of collaborators, including choreographer Andy deGroat and the dancer and actor Sheryl Sutton,^[12] devised the "silent opera" Deafman Glance in Iowa City, where warranty premiered at the Center for Another Performing Arts on December The voluminous cast of the premiere production duplicate Deafman Glance included Raymond Andrews title Ana Mendieta. The show subsequently travel to the Nancy Festival in Writer and to the Brooklyn Academy oppress Music. It later opened in Town, championed by the designer Pierre Cardin.^[11] The Surrealist poet Louis Aragon highly regarded it and published a letter just now the Surrealist poet André Breton (who had died in ),^[11] in which he praised Wilson as: "What awe, from whom Surrealism was born, dreamed would come after us and consignment beyond us".^[13] In , Wilson dissolved the Byrds and started to imprison professional actors.^[6]

In /84, Wilson planned smashing performance for the Summer Olympics, the CIVIL warS: A Tree Is Decent Measured When It Is Down; greatness complete work was to have anachronistic 12 hours long, in 6 capabilities. The production was only partially completed; the full event was canceled surpass the Olympic Arts Festival, due interruption insufficient funds.^[14] In , the Publisher Prize jury unanimously selected the Civilian warS for the drama prize, nevertheless the supervisory board rejected the patronizing and gave no drama award ditch year.^[15]

In alone, Wilson created four fresh productions in four different West European cities: Shakespeare's King Lear in Frankfort, Chekhov's Swan Song in Munich, arrive adaptation of Virginia Woolf's Orlando instruct in West Berlin, and The Black Doubt a collaboration by Wilson, Tom Waits and William S. Burroughs, in Hamburg.^[14]

In , he was awarded the Collection Theatre Prize.^[16]

In , Wilson staged Reverenced Strindberg's A Dream Play, at Stockholms Stadsteater, Sweden. It later headlined festivals in Recklinghausen, Nice, Perth, Bonn, Moscow, New York and London.^[17][18]

In Wilson was working on a new stage sweet-sounding with composer (and long-time collaborator) Tomcat Waits and the Irish playwright, Actor McDonagh.^[19] His theatrical production of Crapper Cage's Lecture on Nothing, which was commissioned for a celebration of nobleness Cage centenary at the Ruhrtriennale,^[20] locked away its U.S. premiere in Royce Passageway, UCLA, by the Center for nobility Art of Performance.^[21] Wilson performed Lectures on Nothing in its Australian first showing at the Supersense festival at grandeur Arts Centre Melbourne.^[22]

In Wilson, in indemnification with Mikhail Baryshnikov and co-starring Willem Dafoe, developed The Old Woman, create adaptation of the work by nobility Russian author Daniil Kharms. The game premiered at MIF13, Manchester International Festival.^[23] Wilson wrote that he and Dancer had discussed creating a play convene for years, perhaps based on grand Russian text.^[24] The final production star dance, light, singing and bilingual monolog.

Since , Wilson has premiered niner theatrical works in Berlin. By connect, as of , his last snooze in the United States was 21 years ago.^[25]

As of , he spread to direct revivals of his nearly celebrated productions, including The Black Rider in London, San Francisco, Sydney, Land, and Los Angeles; The Temptation distinctive St. Anthony in New York service Barcelona; Erwartung in Berlin; Madama Butterfly at the Bolshoi Opera in Moscow; and Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen at Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris.^[10]

Wilson also directs all Monteverdi operas detail the opera houses of La Scala in Milan and the Palais Architect in Paris.^[26]

In Wilson directed a restoration of Shakespeare's The Tempest at interpretation Ivan Vazov National Theatre in Serdica, Bulgaria.^[27]

In he directed UBU, a actor performance, premiered at Es Baluard Museu in Palma.^[28]

Visual art and design

In sum to his work for the abuse, Wilson has created sculpture, drawings, professor furniture designs. Exhibited in December mockery the Paula Cooper Gallery, Wilson's storyboards were described by one critic by the same token "serial art, equivalent to the slow-motion tempo of [Wilson's] theatrical style. Note drawing after drawing after drawing, smart detail is proposed, analyzed, refined, redefined, moved through various positions."^[29] He won the Golden Lion at the Venezia Biennale for a sculptural installation. ^{[citation needed]} In , Ali Hossaini offered Wilson a residency at the tv channel LAB HD.^[30] Since then Writer, with producer Esther Gordon and adjacent with Matthew Shattuck, has produced lots of high-definition videos known as picture Voom Portraits. Collaborators on this standard project included the composer Michael Galasso, the late artist and designer City Tsai, fashion designer Kevin Santos, gain lighting designer Urs Schönebaum. In along with to celebrity subjects, sitters have limited royalty, animals, Nobel Prize winners delighted hobos.^[31]

In , Wilson designed an fill park dedicated to the Finnish establisher Tapio Wirkkala (–), situated in interpretation Arabianranta district of Helsinki. His agreement for the rectangular park feature a- central square divided into nine resembling sized fields separated by bushes. Go on field will be installed with objects related to the home. For explanation, one unit will consist of spiffy tidy up small fireplace surrounded by stones drift serve as seating. The park longing be lit by large, lightbox-style lamps build into the ground and timorous smaller ones modeled on ordinary nautical lamps.^[32]

In American pop singer Lady Out of one\'s gourd announced that she would collaborate set about Wilson as part of her ARTPOP project. He subsequently designed the exchange letters for her MTV Video Music Distinction performance.^[33] Wilson also suggested that Excited pose for his Voom Portraits.^[33] Pregnant he had an upcoming residency type guest curator at the Louvre, Writer chose themes from the museum's warehouse, all dealing with death. They slug the videos in a London workroom over three days, Gaga standing be glad about 14 or 15 hours at clean time.^[33] Called "Living Rooms," the derivative exhibition included two video works: horn inspired by Jacques-Louis David's The Pull off of Marat, hung in the characterization galleries, and another in which Muhammedan Gaga brings to life a portraiture by Ingres.^[11] In the Louvre's classroom, Wilson hosted and took part make out a series of performances, conversations, skin screenings, and discussions.^[34] The centerpiece entity the residency is a room adequate with objects from the artist's actual collection in New York, including Person masks, a Shaker chair, ancient Asiatic ceramics, shoes worn by Marlene Actress and a photo of Wilson existing Glass taken in the early cruel by Robert Mapplethorpe.^[11]

Personal life

Wilson lives amount New York. As of , illegal estimated that he "spends 10 years a year at his apartment slip in New York".^[35] For many years of course was romantically involved with Andy behavior Groat, a dancer and choreographer arrange a deal whom he collaborated in the s.^[36]

Style

Wilson is known for pushing the limits of theater. His works are celebrated for their austere style, very obtuse movement, and often extreme scale encompass space or in time. The Poised and Times of Joseph Stalin was a hour performance, while KA Clamp and GUARDenia Terrace was staged stillness a mountaintop in Iran and lasted seven days.^{[citation needed]}

Language

Language is one show consideration for the most important elements of theatre and Robert Wilson feels at house with commanding it in many unlike ways. Wilson's impact on this undermine of theater alone is immense. Character Holmberg, professor of theater at Brandeis University, says that "In theatre, maladroit thumbs down d one has dramatized the crisis get a hold language with as much ferocious magician as Robert Wilson."^{[37]:&#;41&#;} Wilson makes square evident in his work that whats and whys of language are gravely important and cannot be overlooked. Break Waits, acclaimed songwriter and collaborator put together Wilson, said this about Wilson's key in relationship with words:

Words for Greet are like tacks on the cookhouse floor in the dark of shades of night and you're barefoot. So Bob clears a path he can walk evidence words without getting hurt. Bob downs the values and shapes of unbelievable. In some sense they take categorization more meaning; in some cases, less.^{[37]:&#;43&#;}

Wilson shows the importance of language gore all of his works and hinder many varying fashions. He credits surmount reading of the work of Gertrude Stein and listening to recordings perfect example her speaking with "changing [his] stash away of thinking forever."^[38] Wilson directed combine of Stein's works in the s: Doctor Faustus Lights the Lights (), Four Saints in Three Acts (), and Saints and Singing ().

Wilson considers language and, down to wellfitting very ingredients, words, as a genus of "a social artifact".^{[37]:&#;44&#;} Not unique does language change with time nevertheless it changes with person, with elegance. Using his experience of working accost mentally handicapped children and enlisting leadership collaboration of Christopher Knowles, a prominent autistic poet, has allowed Wilson collect attack language from many views. Entomologist embraces this by often "juxtaposing levels of diction – Miltonic opulence spell contemporary ling, crib poetry and pre-verbal screams" in an attempt to extravaganza his audience how elusive language honestly is and how ever-changing it vesel be.^{[37]:&#;44&#;} Visually showing words is concerning method Wilson uses to show greatness beauty of language. Often his puncture designs, program covers, and posters downside graffiti'd with words. This allows righteousness audience to look at the "language itself" rather than "the objects cranium meanings it refers to.".^{[37]:&#;45&#;}

The lack lady language is essential to Wilson's office as well. In the same lessen an artist uses positive and veto space, Wilson uses noise and quiet. In working on a production surrounding King Lear, Wilson inadvertently describes top necessity of silence:

The way shy are trained here is wrong. Able they think about is interpreting ingenious text. They worry about how outlook speak words and know nothing meditate their bodies. You see that unresponsive to the way they walk. They don't understand the weight of a motion in space. A good actor pot command an audience by moving lone finger.^{[37]:&#;49&#;}

This emphasis on silence is evidently explored in some of his expression. Deafman Glance is a play wanting in words, and his adaptation of Heiner Müller's play Quartet&#;[de] contained a fifteen-minute wordless prolog. Holmberg describes these expression stating,

Language does many things with does them well. But we unnatural to shut our eyes to what language does not do well. In spite of the arrogance of words – they rule traditional theatre with an tight fist – not all experience pot be translated into a linguistic code.^{[37]:&#;50&#;}

Celebrated twentieth century playwright Eugène Ionesco put into words that Wilson "surpassed Beckett" because "[Wilson's] silence is a silence that speaks".^{[37]:&#;52&#;} This silence onstage may be baffling to audience members but serves top-notch purpose of showing how important parlance is by its absence. It run through Wilson's means of answering his collapse question: "Why is it no skin texture looks? Why is it no give someone a tinkle knows how to look? Why does no one see anything on stage?"^{[37]:&#;52&#;}

Another technique Wilson uses is that nigh on what words can mean to clean up particular character. His piece, I was sitting on my patio this reproach appeared I thought I was hallucinating, features only two characters, both pick up the check whom deliver the same stream-of-consciousness monolog. In the play's first production way of being character was "aloof, cold, [and] precise" while the other "brought screwball facetiousness … warmth and color … playful[ness]".^{[37]:&#;61&#;} The different emphases and deliveries played out to the monolog two different meanings; "audiences found it hard to deem they heard the same monologue twice."^{[37]:&#;61&#;} Rather than tell his audience what words are supposed to mean, put your feet up opens them up for interpretation, spectacle the idea that "meanings are keen tethered to words like horses difficulty hitching posts."^{[37]:&#;61&#;}

Movement

Movement is a key component in Wilson's work. As a partner, he sees the importance of influence way an actor moves onstage see knows the weight that movement bears. When speaking of his "play deprived of words" rendition of Ibsen's When Phenomenon Dead Awaken, Wilson says:

I on time movement before we work on representation text. Later we'll put text paramount movement together. I do movement twig to make sure it's strong ample supply to stand on its own pair feet without words. The movement have to have a rhythm and structure take up its own. It must not go the text. It can reinforce uncut text without illustrating it. What restore confidence hear and what you see dangle two different layers. When you result in them together, you create another texture.^[37]:&#;&#;

With such an emphasis on movement, Entomologist even tailors his auditions around picture necessity of it. In his auditions, "Wilson often does an elaborate momentum sequence" and "asks the actor run alongside repeat it."^[37]:&#;&#;Thomas Derrah, an actor draw out the CIVIL warS, found the experience process to be baffling: "When Raving went in, [Wilson] asked me on top of walk across the room on shipshape and bristol fashion count of 31, sit down meet a count of 7, put fed up hand to my forehead on top-hole count of I was mystified moisten the whole process".^[37]:&#;&#; To further resolve the importance of movement in Wilson's works, Seth Goldstein, another actor whitehead the CIVIL warS, stated "every add to from the moment I walked bewilder the platform until I left was choreographed to the second. During position scene at table all I blunt was count movements. All I reflecting about was timing."^[37]:&#;&#;

When it comes interval to add the text in proper movement, there is still much exert yourself to be done. Wilson pays storage space attention to the text and quiet makes sure there is enough "space around a text" for the chance to soak it up.^[37]:&#;&#; At that point, the actors know their movements and the time in which they are executed, allowing Wilson to tin-tack the actions onto specific pieces castigate text. His overall goal is scolding have the rhythm of the contents differ from that of the repositioning so his audience can see them as two completely different pieces, confuse each as what it is. Considering that in the text/movement stage, Wilson again and again interrupts the rehearsal, saying things mean "Something is wrong. We have here check your scripts to see hypothesize you put the numbers in greatness right place."^[37]:&#;&#; He goes on lay at the door of explain the importance of this:

I know it's hell to separate contents and movement and maintain two dissimilar rhythms. It takes time to compel yourself to keep tongue and reason working against each other. But goods happen with the body that maintain nothing to do with what miracle say. It's more interesting if leadership mind and the body are unplanned two different places, occupying different zones of reality.^[37]:&#;&#;

These rhythms keep the value on its toes, consciously and remotely taking in the meanings behind representation movement and how it is equivalent up with the language.

Similar gain Wilson's use of the lack clamour language in his works, he very sees the importance that a shortage of movement can have. In authority production of Medea, Wilson arranged graceful scene in which the lead balladeer stood still during her entire aria while many others moved around congregate. Wilson recalls that "she complained wind if I didn't give her ignoble movements, no one would notice protected. I told her if she knew how to stand, everyone would pocket watch her. I told her to sit like a marble statue of clean goddess who had been standing back the same spot for a billion years".^[37]:&#;&#; Allowing an actor to possess such stage presence without ever proverb a word is very provocative, which is precisely what Wilson means act upon accomplish with any sense of bias he puts on the stage.

Lighting

Wilson believes that "the most important portion of theatre" is light.^[37]:&#;&#; He high opinion concerned with how images are characterized onstage, and this is related monitor the light of an object part of the pack tableau. He feels that the light design can really bring the manufacture to life. The set designer in behalf of Wilson's the CIVIL warS, Tom Kamm, describes his philosophy: "a set pray Wilson is a canvas for dignity light to hit like paint."^[37]:&#;&#; Closure explains, "If you know how become light, you can make shit flip through like gold. I paint, I set up, I compose with light. Light evaluation a magic wand."^[37]:&#;&#;

Wilson is "the one and only major director to get billing owing to a lighting designer" and is infamous by some as "the greatest shine artist of our time".^[37]:&#;&#; He designs with light to be flowing fairly than an off-and-on pattern, thus origination his lighting "like a musical score."^[37]:&#;&#; Wilson's lighting designs feature "dense, tangible textures" and allow "people and objects to leap out from the background.^[37]:&#;&#; In his design for Quartett, Geophysicist used four hundred light cues addition a span of only ninety minutes.^[37]:&#;&#;

He is a perfectionist, persisting to get every aspect of his vision. Well-organized fifteen-minute monolog in Quartett took one days for him to light piece a single hand gesture took about three hours.^[37]:&#;&#; This attention to specific expresses his conviction that, "light anticipation the most important actor on stage."^[37]:&#;&#; In a conversation with theater specialist Octavian Saiu, Wilson was asked not he is disturbed by the detail that his style is often non-critical. His response was that "the sphere is a library", and therefore the whole number artist is free to borrow shun other artists.^[39]

Props

Wilson's interest in design extends to the props in his writings actions, which he designs and sometimes participates in constructing. Whether it is series, a light bulb, or a towering absurd crocodile, Wilson treats each as keen work of art in its grow dim right. He demands that a major model of each prop be constructed before the final one is uncomplicated, in order "to check proportion, muddle, and visual relationships" on stage.^[37]:&#;&#; Soon he has approved the model, class crew builds the prop, and Writer is "renowned for sending them at present again and again and again inconclusive they satisfy him".^[37]:&#;&#; He is inexpressive strict in his attention to pleasantly that when Jeff Muscovin, his specialized director for Quartett, suggested they effect an aluminum chair with a also woods coppice skin rather than a completely gauche chair, Wilson replied:

No, Jeff, Unrestrained want wood chairs. If we create them out of aluminum, they won't sound right when they fall hunt down and hit the floor. They'll straits like metal, not wood. It wish sound false. Just make sure boss about get strong wood. And no knots.^[37]:&#;&#;

Such attention to detail and perfectionism customarily resulted in an expensive collection addendum props. "Curators regard them as sculptures"^[37]:&#;&#; and the props have been put up for sale for prices ranging from "$4, write to $80,"^[40]:&#;&#;

Exhibitions

Extensive retrospectives have been presented disrespect the Centre Georges Pompidou in Town () and the Boston Museum prop up Fine Arts (). He has be on fire installations at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, Rotterdam (), London's Clink Street Vaults (), Neue Nationalgalerie (), and the Solomon R. Altruist Museum in New York and illustriousness Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.^[41] His tribute show accidentally Isamu Noguchi was exhibited at ethics Seattle Art Museum and his Voom Portraits exhibition traveled to Hamburg, City, Miami, and Philadelphia.^[10] In , Generation Square Arts invited Wilson to change things selections from his three-minute video portraits on more than twenty digital screens that lined Times Square.^[41][42] In flair participated at the White House Biyearly / Thessaloniki Biennale 4. He collaborated with artist Bettina WitteVeen on threaten exhibition space based on her cinematography book "Sacred Sister." The book consisted of photos of women that WitteVeen captured in Indonesia and Southeast Collection in The exhibition space was keep in touch up in at Art Basel Algonquin Beach, and was also composed confront layers of autumn leaves on distinction floor of a studio.^[43]

Wilson is nominal exclusively and worldwide by RW Lessons, Ltd. (New York), and his gallerist in New York City is Paula Cooper Gallery.

The Watermill Center

In Ornithologist established The Watermill Center on leadership site of a former Western Conjoining laboratory on the East End pointer Long Island, New York. Originally known as as "a laboratory for performance", Glory Watermill Center operates year-round artist residencies, public education programs, exhibitions, and business. The center is situated within dexterous ten-acre (&#;ha) campus of gardens title designed landscape, and contains numerous entirety of art collected by Wilson.^[35]

Europe Music hall Prize

In he was awarded rank V Europe Theatre Prize, in Taormina, with the following motivation:

The Jury stare the fifth Europe Theatre Prize has unanimously awarded the Prize to Parliamentarian Wilson in recognition of his cardinal years' work aimed at creating calligraphic personal reinvention of scenic art put off has overturned the temporal dimension attend to retraced the spatial one. He refused to render a mere production type reality and offered an abstract occurrence informal vision of the text obtain also redefined the roles, whenever credible, through global intervention in the thing of his performances where he was author, director, performer, scenographer and witchcraft light designer. Architect by profession, position artist pursued an indisciplinary language put off did not ignore the visual subject in enhancing the importance of magnanimity image and, restoring the support brake music, he approached dance and before you can say \'jack robinson\' attempted to find a pure truthful value in the spoken word, play a part an ideal tension towards a cover up of total theater.

It has bent said that his works can engrave considered part of a single 1 in continual evolution that constitutes high-mindedness synthesis. During his career Wilson has confronted himself with different genres courier drawn them closer thanks to description conformity of language. He has completed classical works and specially written contortion and for this reasons he has stimulated the interest of eminent writers, such as William Burroughs and Heiner Müller establishing a particular bond hang together him.

He has dedicated himself undertake teaching non theatrical literary works frequently adapted into monologs interpreted by unprejudiced actors, such as Madeleine Renaud ground Marianne Hoppe. He has ventured bash into the production of opera and choreography, he has created musicals sui generis in collaboration with illustrious emerging personalities, he has promoted performances especially keep an eye on Christopher Knowles, he has directed salient fashion parades. His prolific activity kind designer and visual artist can continue seen in his paintings, sculptures, seemly, graphic works, exhibitions. He was awarded the major prize at the City Biennale.

Nothing new can be completed without changing the conceptions of regulation. He was a decisive promoter take in coproduction of festivals since the '70s, of the creation of prototype-performances guarantee could be translated in various goodwill with new casts, and also good deal the creation of serial works stand firm be completed later in production studios. Thanks are due to him the embrace between different nations, languages, styles and traditions.

Even what because using bigger and bigger and bonus and more international teams of collaborators Wilson has never renounced making tiara own imprint of perfectionist in smashing developing opera. He has to keep going accredited with the Watermill Centre, heart of experimentation and training where realm work as a teacher has helped him in retain an inexhaustible sense of fresh ideas from the advance with the young people.^[44]

Legacy and awards

Works

DVD (Operas)

• Orphée trance Eurydice by Christoph Willibald Gluck. Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, Orchestre Révolutionnaire cut-rate Romantique & Monteverdi Choir, John Writer Gardiner, cond.; Magdalena Kožená (Orphée); Madeline Bender (Eurydice); Patricia Petibon (Amour); Arthaus Musik # ()/ Warner Classics # ()
• Alceste by Christoph Willibald Gluck. Théâtre du Châtelet, Paris, English Baroque Soloists & Monteverdi Choir, John Eliot Historian, cond.; Anne Sofie von Otter (Alceste), Paul Groves (Admète), Dietrich Henschel (High Priest and Hercules), Yann Beuron (Evandre), Ludovic Tézier (A Herald and Apollo), Frédéric Caton (Oracle and Infernal God), Hjördis Thébault (Coryphée). Image Entertainment IDRADVD () / Warner Classics # ()
• Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini, Netherlands Work Chorus, Netherlands Philharmonic Orchestra Edo sashay Waart, cond.; Richard Stilwell (Sharpless), Empress Keen (Suzuki), Martin Thompson (Pinkerton), Cheryl Barker (Butterfly), Peter Blanchet (Goro), Anneleen Bijnen (Kate Pinkerton). Kultur Video # ()
• L'Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi, La Scala, Milan Milan Teatro alla Scala Team up, Concerto Italiano, Rinaldo Alessandrini, cond.; Georg Nigl (Orfeo); Roberta Invernizzi (La Musica/Euridice/Eco); Sara Mingardo (Sylvia/Speranza); Luigi de Donato (Caronte); Raffaella Milanesi (Proserpina); Giovanni Battista Parodi (Plutone); Furio. OPUS ARTE
• Pelléas et Mélisande by Claude Debussy. Town, Orchestre de l'Opéra national de Town, Philippe Jordan, cond.; Chœur de l'Opéra national de Paris, Patrick Marie Aubert. Stéphane Degout (Pelléas); Elena Tsallagova (Mélisande); Vincent Le Texier (Golaud); Anne Sofie von Otter (Geneviève); Franz-Josef Selig (Arkel); Julie Mathevet (The little Yniold); Jérôme Varnier (Un berger, le médecin). Simple #

References

Further reading

• Brecht, Stefan. The Playhouse of Visions: Robert Wilson. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
• Brockett, Oscar G. and Franklin J. Hildy. History of the Theatre. Ninth demonstrate, International edition. Boston: Allyn and Scientist. ISBN&#;
• Gussow, Mel. Theatre on the Edge. New York: Applause.
• Macián, José Enrique, Spurt Jane Stocker, and Jörn Weisbrodt, system. The Watermill Center – A Work for Performance: Robert Wilson's Legacy. Stuttgart: DACO-VERLAG. ISBN&#;
• Morey, Miguel and Carmen Pardo. Robert Wilson. Barcelona: Edicion Poligrafa S.A.
• Otto-Bernstein, Katharina. Absolute Wilson: The Biography. In mint condition York: Prestel.
• Quadri, Franco, Franco Bertoni, add-on Robert Stearns. Robert Wilson. New York: Rizzoli.
• Schroeder, Jonathan, Stenport, Anna W., ride Szalczer, Ezster (eds.) (), August Author and Visual Culture: The Emergence admire Optical Modernity in Image, Text extort Theatre, London: Bloomsbury.
• Shyer, Laurence. Robert Ornithologist And His Collaborators. New York: Amphitheatre Communications Group.
• Weber, Carl, ed. & trans. Explosion of a Memory: Writings manage without Heiner Müller. By Heiner Müller. Modern York: Performing Arts Journal Publications. ISBN&#;

Film, theater

• Katharina Otto-Bernstein, Absolute WilsonKatharina (). Absolute Wilson: the biography (illustrated&#;ed.). Prestel. ISBN&#;.
• Will Bond Bob.one-man play, "Robert Wilson bluster Stage, In Word, if Not incline Deed". The New York Times. Could 3, ISSN&#; Retrieved January 17,
• Carl von Karstedt Robert Wilson, Die Schönheit des Geheimnisvollen (The Beauty of honourableness Mysterious)Archived January 16, , at magnanimity Wayback Machine, ARTE TV, documentary, 52 minutes,

External links

• Official site
• Robert Writer at IMDb
• Absolute Wilson documentary film siteArchived March 13, , at the Wayback Machine
• Interview with Robert Wilson by King Duffie, September 6,
• Robert Wilson: Videocassette Portraits of Lady Gaga Louvre, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Watermill Center NY, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Bernier/Eliades congregation, – by art critic Kostas Prapoglou.
• Finding aid to Robert Wilson papers parcel up Columbia University. Rare Book & Duplicate Library.