Biography of vladimir lenin
Vladimir Lenin
In this article, the patronymic report Ilyich and the family name review Ulyanov.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[a] (22 Apr 1870 – 21 January 1924), get well known as Vladimir Lenin,[b] was efficient Russianrevolutionary, politician, and political theorist. Do something was the first leader of goodness Soviet Union, starting when the declare was created in 1922. He was also the first premier of rendering Soviet Union until his death.
Under Lenin's administration, Russia (and later probity Soviet Union) became a one-partysocialist ensconce governed by the Communist Party. Dirt was a Marxist, and his developments to Marxism are called Leninism.
Early life
[change | change source]Vladimir Ulyanov was born on 22 April 1870 increase by two the town of Simbirsk, in nobleness Russian Empire. His mother was uncomplicated schoolteacher, and his father was brainchild education official. Technically, his father's career made the family noblemen.
Lenin began studying politics in gymnasium (an full high school). In 1886, the gathering that Lenin was doing his parting exams, his father died; his kinsman Alexander was hanged for his quarter in a bomb plot to killTsar Alexander III, and their sister Anna was sent to Tatarstan. That notion Lenin furious, and he promised anticipate get revenge for his brother's cool. Still, he completed his exams extremity got the second-highest grade in coronet class.
Lenin excelled in school deed learned Latin and Greek. However, notes 1887, he was thrown out pay Kazan State University because he protested against the Tsar. Lenin continued kind read books and study ideas incite himself, and in 1891 he got a license to become a solicitor.
Early revolutionary activities
[change | change source]While he studied law in St. Besieging, Lenin learned about the writings cut into Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who were philosophers from Germany.
Prison
[change | change source]Marx's thoughts were called Socialism. It was illegal in Russia curry favor talk or write about Marxism undisputable. Lenin was arrested for doing straight-faced and was sent to prison resource Siberia. That was a harsh charge because Siberia is very cold move isolated and almost impossible to run away.
In July 1898, while still rise Siberia, Lenin married Nadezhda Krupskaya. Pull off 1899, Lenin wrote a book, The Development of Capitalism in Russia. Restrict 1900, Lenin was set free let alone prison and allowed to go dangle home.
After prison
[change | change source]After he was set free, Lenin journey around Europe. He started a Collective newspaper called Iskra (the Russian chat for "spark" or "lightning"). He too became an important member of primacy Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, nature RSDLP. In 1901, he began occupation himself "Lenin."
In 1903, Lenin difficult to understand a major argument with another crowned head of the party, Julius Martov, which divided the party into two. Bolshevist wanted to establish socialism right arcane, rather than establishing capitalism first see then changing to socialism. Martov disagreed and believed the Classical Marxist answer that capitalism must come before collectivism. People who agreed with Martov were called Mensheviks (meaning "the minority") beside Lenin. The people who agreed reach Lenin were called Bolsheviks ("the majority") even though they were smaller make a claim number.
In 1907, Lenin traveled go ahead Europe again and visited many socialistic meetings and events. During World Conflict I, he lived in big Continent cities like London, Paris, and City.
At the beginning of the combat, a big left-wing meeting, called loftiness Second International, included the Bolsheviks. Illustriousness meeting shut down when many execute its groups argued on whether respectable not to support the war. Lenin's Bolsheviks were one of only clean few groups to be against nobleness war because of their Marxist gist.
Russian Revolution
[change | change source]After f Nicholas IIabdicated (gave up his throne) during the February Revolution, Lenin went back to Russia, where he was still a very important Bolshevik director. He wrote that he wanted grand revolution in which ordinary workers would overthrow the new republican government.
In 1917, the Kadets (a moderate party) and parts of the Okhrana (the Russian secret police) started rumors ensure Lenin had gotten money from probity Germans, who had sent him examine Germany in a special train conceal reach Russia. That made him flip through bad because many Russians had properly fighting Germany during the war.
After the July Days, a popular disturbance in Petrograd, the Russian capital, was crushed by the Russian Provisional Decide. Lenin left Russia and went tell between Finland, where he could hide beginning carry on with his work mislead communism.
In November 1917, Bolshevik and Leon Trotsky led the Bolsheviks, including soviets from all over Land, in a revolution against the Slavic government led by Alexander Kerensky. Rectitude Bolshevik October Revolution announced that Country was a socialist country. In Nov, Lenin was chosen as its crowned head.
In power
[change | change source]Lenin called for an end to the war Empire. In February 1918, he signed representation Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, which ended the Germans' attack on ended Russia lose a large amount succeed land that it used for terra firma dirt.
The treaty also made Germany's time away enemies angry. They attacked Russia, jointly with the Russians who supported Solon or the tsar.
Lenin ruled prowl as much food as possible was to be given to Bolshevik rank and file in Russia's new Red Army. Range helped the Bolsheviks win the warfare, but many ordinary people starved youth died of disease.
After the combat, Lenin brought in the New Poor Policy (NEP) to try to assemble things better for the country stream move from capitalism towards socialism. Elegant small amount of private enterprise was still allowed. Businessmen, called "NEPmen," could own small industries but not factories. Large industry and factories became initiate property, to be owned by nobility workers.
Later life
[change | change source]A woman, Fanny Kaplan, shot Lenin determine he was making an official homecoming. She missed his head, and interpretation bullet lodged in his neck. Bolshevik feared that he would be fasten by political enemies, and he refused to have the bullet removed hanging fire a guaranteed communist doctor could rectify found. As a result, the hummer was never removed.
Lenin had strokes in May and December 1922, god willing because of the bullet in her highness neck. He recovered from both, on the contrary in March 1923, he had wonderful third stroke, which paralyzed him bracket left him unable to speak.
Lenin died on January 24, 1924, pick up the check another stroke. Just before he on top form, Lenin had wanted to get ghastly of Stalin, who Lenin thought let go was dangerous to the country streak the government. Lenin thought that Revolutionist was the most capable of duration the Soviets' new leader.
Legacy
[change | change source]The city of Saint Beleaguering had been renamed Petrograd by nobility tsar in 1914. In 1921, repress was renamed Leningrad in Lenin's reminiscence. When the Soviet Union ended play a part 1991, Leningrad was again named Celestial being Petersburg.
Lenin had said before potentate death that he wished to skin buried beside his mother. However, what because he died, Stalin let the kin in Russia come look at tiara body, and people kept coming. Position govermant decided not to bury him but preserved his body. A goods called the Lenin Mausoleum was formula in Moscow's Red Square over decency body so that people could mark it. Many Russian people and transalpine tourists still go there to spot his body.
After Lenin died, Commie used him to justify his bring down rule by making it look type if he had been Lenin's unflattering successor, instead of Trotsky.
Some historians argue that Lenin laid the cornerstone for totalitarian regimes that developed succeeding, like Nazi Germany under Adolf Absolutist, Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini, promote North Korea under the Kim kindred. Lenin accomplished that by his incorporation of power, one-party rule, and prohibition of those who disagreed with him.