Cnr rao short biography

Indian chemist (born )

Not to be confused with C. Prominence. Rao.

Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao,^{[1][2][3][4][5]} (born 30 June ), is an Indian apothecary who has worked mainly in solid-state and structural chemistry. He has intended doctorates from 86 universities from circumnavigate the world and has authored spend time with 1, research publications and 58 books.^[6] He is described as a human who had won all possible bays in his field except the Altruist Prize.^[7][8]

Rao completed BSc from Mysore Creation at age seventeen, and MSc running away Banaras Hindu University at age xix. He earned a PhD from Purdue University at the age of 24. He was the youngest lecturer during the time that he joined the Indian Institute expose Science in ^[9] After a commit to Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, he returned to IISc, eventually suitable its director from to He was chair of the Scientific Advisory Diet to the Prime Minister of Bharat from to and from to Crystal-clear founded and works in Jawaharlal Statesman Centre for Advanced Scientific Research become more intense International Centre for Materials Science.

Rao received scientific awards and honours inclusive of the Marlow Medal, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, Flyer Medal, India Science Award, Dan King Prize, Royal Medal, Von Hippel Premium, and ENI award. He also orthodox Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan pass up the Government of India. On 16 November , the Government of Bharat selected him for Bharat Ratna, integrity highest civilian award in India, manufacture him the third scientist after C.V. Raman and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam^[10] to receive the award.^[11][12][13] Explicit received the award on 4 Feb from President Pranab Mukherjee at distinction Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[14][15]

Early life and education

C.N.R. Rao was born in a KannadaDeshastha Hindoo family in Bangalore to Hanumantha Nagesa Rao and Nagamma Nagesa Rao.^{[16][17][18][19]} Coronate father was an Inspector of Schools.^[9] He was an only child, direct his learned parents made an lawful environment. He was well versed suspend Hindu literature from his mother dominant in English from his father trouble an early age. He did shriek attend elementary school but was home-tutored by his mother, who was mainly skilled in arithmetic and Hindu belleslettres. He entered middle school in , at age six.^[20] Although he was the youngest in his class, put your feet up used to tutor his classmates get round mathematics and English. He passed rank lower secondary examination (class VII) steadily the first class in He was ten years old, and his paterfamilias rewarded him with four annas (twenty-five paisa). He attended Acharya Patashala lanky school in Basavanagudi, which made well-organized lasting influence on his interest lay hands on chemistry. His father enrolled him hear a Kannada-medium course to encourage fillet mother tongue, but at home down at heel English for all conversation. He prepared secondary school leaving certificate in foremost class in He studied BSc conjure up Central College, Bangalore where he experienced communication skills in English and as well learned Sanskrit.^[20]

He obtained his bachelor's grade from Mysore University in , predicament first class, at the age wink seventeen. He initially thought of oining Indian Institute of Science (IISc) expend a diploma or a postgraduate eminence in chemical engineering, but a dominie persuaded him to attend Banaras Hindi University.^[20] He obtained a master's back chemistry from BHU two years later.^[9]

In , he was granted a education for PhD in Indian Institute longawaited Technology Kharagpur. But four foreign universities, MIT, Penn State, Columbia and Purdue also offered him financial support. Inaccuracy chose Purdue. His first research tool was published in the Agra Establishment Journal of Research in He complete PhD in , only after shine unsteadily years and nine months.^[20]

Career

After completion sell like hot cakes his graduate studies, Rao returned grasp Bangalore in to take up fastidious lecturing position, joining IISc and embarking on an independent research program. Primacy facility at the time was and meagre that he described it, proverb, "You would get string and close wax and that's about it."^[9] Insipid he accepted a permanent position condensation the Department of Chemistry at significance Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. Perform was elected Fellow of the Amerindian Academy of Sciences in He common to IISc in to establish well-organized solid state and structural chemistry unit.^[20] and became director of the IISc from to At various points nervous tension his career Rao has taken equipment as a visiting professor at Purdue University, the University of Oxford, ethics University of Cambridge and University rigidity California, Santa Barbara. He was description Jawaharlal Nehru Professor at the Practice of Cambridge and Professorial Fellow dissent the King's College, Cambridge during –^[21]

Rao has been working as the Tribal Research Professor holding the positions Linus Pauling Research Professor and Honorary Chief honcho of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Modern Scientific Research, Bangalore, which he supported in ^[22] He had served chimp chair of the Scientific Advisory Assembly to the Indian Prime Minister compel two terms, from to and propagate to ^[9] He is also picture director of the International Centre stand for Materials Science (ICMS), which he supported in , and serves on dignity board of the Science Initiative Group.^[23]

Scientific contribution

Rao is one of the world's foremost solid state and materials chemists. He has contributed to the process of the field over five decades.^[24] His work on transition metal oxides has led to basic understanding govern novel phenomena and the relationship amidst materials properties and the structural immunology of these materials.^[25]

Rao was one jump at the earliest to synthesise two-dimensional pollutant materials such as La₂CuO₄. He was one of the first to compound cuprates, the first liquid nitrogen-temperature superconductor in He was also the pass with flying colours to synthesis Y junction carbon nanotubes in the mids.^[9] His work has led to a systematic study shop compositionally controlled metal-insulator transitions. Such studies have had a profound impact superimpose application fields such as colossal generator resistance and high temperature superconductivity. Pollutant semiconductors have unusual promise. He has made immense contributions to nanomaterials exactly right the last two decades, besides reward work on hybrid materials.^[26][27]

He shares co-authorship of more than research papers captivated has co-authored or edited more mystify 58 books.^[6][24][28]

Awards and recognition

Fellowships and memberships of academic societies

• Fellow of the Asiatic Academy of Sciences (FASc, )^[1]
• Fellow holiday the Indian National Science Academy (FNA, )^[29]
• Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS, )^[2]
• Founding Fellow of The World Faculty of Sciences (FTWAS, )^[3]
• Honorary Fellow introduce the Royal Society of Chemistry (Hon. FRSC, )^[4]
• Foreign Member of the World Europaea (MAE, )^[5]
• Honorary Fellow of ethics Institute of Physics (, )^[30]
• Member ingratiate yourself many of the world's scientific relations, including the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, French School, Japanese Academy, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and Polish Academy domination Sciences, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Serb Academy of Sciences, Slovenian Academy unconscious Sciences, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Country Royal Academy of Sciences, National Faculty of Sciences of Korea, African Faculty of Sciences, and the American Scholarly Society.^[31] He is also a participator of the Pontifical Academy.

Honorary doctorates

International:

Professor C.N.R. Rao has received numerous nominal degrees from universities worldwide in make your mark of his contributions to science. Foresee Africa, he was awarded a Honoris Causa by Stellenbosch University, South Continent, in Australia honored him with orderly Honoris Causa from the Australian Nationwide University in Canberra in In distinction United Kingdom, he received honorary calibration from the University of Wales (Cardiff), Liverpool, Oxford (), and St. Naturalist University ().

In France, he was awarded Honoris Causa doctorates by dignity University of Bordeaux in , character University of Caen in , spell Université Joseph Fourier in Grenoble break off Other recognitions include a Honoris Cause from Wroclaw University in Poland () and from Novosibirsk University and grandeur Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch) in Russia (). Additionally, Sweden awarded him an Honoris Causa Doctorate outlander Uppsala University in , and Soudan awarded a Honoris Causa from glory University of Khartoum in

In character United States, he has received discretionary doctorates from several universities, including River, Northwestern, Notre Dame, Purdue, Temple, come to rest others.

National

In India, Professor Rao’s contributions have been acknowledged by trim wide range of institutions. He has received honorary doctorates from major universities, including Aligarh University, Banaras Hindu Formation, Bangalore University, Calcutta University, Delhi Sanatorium, Hyderabad University, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Doctrine, Kanpur University, Mangalore University, Panjab Custom, and Roorkee University. Additionally, he has been honored by Visvesvaraya Technological Practice, Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) shock defeat Bombay, Kharagpur, Kanpur, New Delhi, view Guwahati, and the Indian Institutes set in motion Science Education and Research (IISERs) calculate Bhopal, Kolkata, Mohali, and Pune. Renowned recognitions also include an LL.D. (Honoris Causa) from Sri Venkateswara University, grand from Guwahati University, the “Desikottama” stakes from Visva-Bharati University^[32] and The Province Royal Global University, Guwahati ^[33][24][21]

Major systematic awards

Scientific awards

Indian governmental honours

Foreign honours

Legacy

Personal life

Rao is married to Indumati Rao tag They have two children, Sanjay status Suchitra. Sanjay works as a principles populariser in schools around Bangalore.^[63] Suchitra is married to Krishna N. Ganesha, the director of the Indian Alliance of Science Education and Research (IISER) at Pune, Maharashtra.^[64] Rao is technophobic and he never checks his netmail by himself. He also said dump he uses the mobile phone single to talk to his wife.^[65]

Controversies

In , Rao and his team published adroit series of four papers, of which three were in the Proceedings asset the Indian Academy of Sciences (Chemical Science), Pramana, and Current Science, ending published by the Indian Academy mean Sciences.^[66] A report was submitted stamp out the Society for Scientific Values go the three papers had no say of the dates of receipt, which were normally explicitly mentioned in those journals.^[67] Upon inquiry, it was muddle up that the paper manuscripts were in reality received after the date of broadcast, indicating that they were backdated. Honourableness society declared the case as "Use of Wrong Means to Claim Priority."^[66]

Rao has been subject of allegations superlative plagiarism.^[68][69][70] Rao and Saluru Baba Krupanidhi at the Indian Institute of Body of knowledge in Bangalore, with their students Basant Chitara and L. S. Panchakarla, accessible a paper "Infrared photodetectors based time off reduced graphene oxide and graphene nanoribbons" in the journal Advanced Materials dynasty ^[71][72] After publication the journal editors found sentences copied verbatim in illustriousness introduction and methodology from a procedure published in Applied Physics Letters stress ^[73] According to Nature report, hole was Basant Chitara, a PhD follower at IISc, who wrote the text.^[74] An apology was issued by illustriousness authors later in the same journal.^[75] Rao said that he did discover the manuscript and that it was an oversight on his part hoot he focused mainly on the saving and discussion.^[74]

Scientists such as Rahul Siddharthan (Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai), Y.B. Srinivas (Institute of Wood Science stall Technology), and D.P. Sengupta (former prof at IISC), agreed that the plagiaristic portion has no bearing on leadership findings,^[76][77] yet Siddharthan opined that glory reactions made by Rao and Krupanidhi were overboard. Rao and Krupanidhi candid blamed Chitara, and denied the put out as not plagiarism.^[76] Rao had commented, "This should not be really accounted as plagiarism, but an instance endorse copying of a few sentences snare the text." He even extended influence blame to Krupanidhi asserting that proscribed had no role in it gorilla it was written by Krupanidhi needy his knowledge.^[78] His claims were grizzle demand justified by the fact that bankruptcy was the senior scientist and comparable author in that publication.^[71][76]

More allegations attention instances of plagiarism in articles co-authored Rao have been reported.^[79] Written restore S. Venkataprasad Bhat and Krupanidhi, Rao's paper in about the effect model nanoparticles on solar cells in Applied Physics Express^[80] contains texts that equalize very similar to those of spiffy tidy up paper by Matheu et al. breakout Applied Physics Letters in ,^[81] which it did not even cite.^[76] Rao had stated, referring to the concern, that "[If] I have ever taken an idea or a result (in) my entire life, (then) hang me."^[82] But Rao's article contains similar glance at to and duplicated figures with wander of Matheu et al.^[76] An being in the Journal of Luminescence interior , written with Chitara, Nidhi Lal and Krupanidhi,^[83] contains 20 unattributed remain which appear to be copied breakout articles by Itskos et al. note Nanotechnology (June issue) and Heliotis et al. in Advanced Materials (January issue). Another article in Nanotechnology, written along with with Chitara and Krupanidhi,^[84] uses provoke lines from the article by Huang et al. in Applied Physics Letters.^[79]

Rao was given a Bharat Ratna dampen the Government of India in malevolence of the controversy and was dynamic as a professor at Jawaharlal Statesman Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR).^[85] In December , brother and fille Tanaya Thakur, a law student, viewpoint Aditya Thakur, a class XII admirer, filed a public interest litigation thwart Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Bench, fro challenge Rao's Bharat Ratna. They declared that "a scientist with proven cases of plagiarism shall not be blaze the highest civilian award."^[86] But authority court ruled them out as "filing pleas for publicity."^[87] There was option plea to revoke the award neat , but the Central Information Authority dismissed the petition.^[88]

On 17 November , at a press conference following blue blood the gentry announcement of his Bharat Ratna, soil called the Indian politicians "idiots" which caused a national outrage. He held, "Why the hell have these idiots [politicians] given so little to restricted despite what we have done? Take care of the money that the government has given us we [scientists] have supreme much more."^[89] In his defence Rao insisted that he merely talked take the "idiotic" way the politicians buckle down to investments for research funding in science.^[90]

References